Fine chemical production Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fine concoction creation - Essay Example Synthetically, citral comprises of a blend of a couple of aldehydes (terpenoids) having comparable atomic equation yet various structures. The two mixes are viewed as twofold bond isomers with the E-isomer being alluded to as citral â€Å"a† or geranial while Z-isomer is known as citral â€Å"b† or neral. In spite of the fact that citral normally happens in mixes, for example, lemon grass and can be detached from these citral containing oils, it is just accessible in sizable amounts. For successful engineered assembling of citral for a huge scope reason for mechanical purposes, it is progressively getting essential to have a manufactured strategy for fine creation from straightforward, modest yet promptly accessible business synthetic compounds, for example, isoprene and bata-pinene among others. Citral is broadly utilized in the assembling of scents, salves, creams, shampoos and flavorings. Furthermore, the concoction compound is likewise a significant reason for orchestrating an assortment of famous scent mixes, for example, geraniol, eugenal, ionones and citronellol just as in making carotinoids utilized for both nutrient An and E. Being one of the most significant non-cyclic monoterpenes because of its various mechanical applications, citral has numerous manufactured courses some of which are as of now being utilized in business creation of the compound. This paper presents a fine compound creation of Citral including its science, manufactured course choice, thermodynamics, energy and squanders issues. The current chose engineered course for the creation of citral includes the utilization of isobutene and formaldehyde as the essential taking care of stocks with nitric corrosive as the favored selection of impetuses. Utilizing this strategy, citral can viably be created by from the response among isobutene and formaldehyde atoms under high temperatures and weight and utilizing an impetus. The resultant concoction is then exposed to various exceptional

Critical Analysis of Edgar Allen Poes The Raven The WritePass Journal

Basic Analysis of Edgar Allen Poes The Raven Presentation Basic Analysis of Edgar Allen Poes The Raven IntroductionReferencesRelated Presentation Edgar Allen Poe, when individuals see his name many consider terrifying or melancholy.â He has composed numerous scholarly works that have gone through the ages and become works of art contemplated everywhere.â The Raven distributed in January of 1845 by The Evening Mirror was the sonnet that heightened Poe into artist status. Initially it is said that Poe went to his previous manager a man named Rex Graham and attempted to offer the sonnet to him yet was obligingly declined yet given 15 dollars as a basic charity.1 He later offered the sonnet to The American Review which gave him 9 dollars for it yet distributed under a nom de plume Quarles which was an English artist at the time.â It was not until January 29, 1845 that The Evening Mirror gave Poe his acclaim and distributed The Raven under his real name.â The sonnet was a moment achievement and set his composing vocation soaring.â There was a lot of discussion and conversation about the significance and the imagery of this sonnet once published.â It created a serious ruckus in the abstract community.â Critical sentiment was partitioned with regards to this sonnets status yet it has stayed one of the most well known sonnets at any point composed. Due to the sonnets extraordinary achievement Poe composed a subsequent exposition called The Philosophy of Composition which portrayed the working of The Raven.â He expressed that the sonnet was composed as though it was a numerical problem.â He focused on that the peruser must have the option to peruse the sonnet completely in only one sitting.â He trusted you lost the significance of the sonnet and the peruser on the off chance that they needed to return to it.â They ought to have the option to take it across the board read.â Poe expressed that a sonnet should remain something close to a hundred lines.â The Raven has precisely 108 lines.â This sonnet was really composed backwards.â He composed the third to the last refrain first and afterward composed in reverse from there.â He expressed that the impact was resolved first then the entire plot so the web will develop in reverse from that point for a solitary effect.â Poe was an incredible devotee that to genuinel y compose anything one should initially have a really extraordinary plot. The imagery in The Raven has been the most discussed. Poes utilization of a raven in his sonnet has consistently been of extraordinary interest.â Many accept he drew from numerous references.â In Norse folklore Odin had two ravens Huginn and Muninn which spoke to however and memory. The book of Genesis describes the raven as a feathered creature of sick omen.â According to Hebrew fables, Noah sends a white raven out to check conditions while on the ark.â It discovers that the rising waters are subsiding, yet doesnt return quickly with the news.â It is rebuffed by being turned dark and compelled to channel on remains forever.2 As indicated by Adams in Ovidss Metamorphoses, a raven likewise starts as white before Apollo rebuffs it by turning it dark for conveying a message of a darlings unfaithfulness.3â â A ton of his faultfinders accept this is a portion of the history he may have pulled upon when choosing about what kind of flying creature to use.â By picking the raven it made the sonnet increasingly dim and extraordinary , particularly when Poe is portraying the condition the youthful sweetheart is sitting in while pining over his lost Lenore.â In The Philosophy of Composition Poe expressed that he had really considered utilizing a parrot for the winged animal yet it didn't give the heavenly and premonition feeling that the raven would. The ravens just verbally expressed word through the entire sonnet is nevermore.â To give this more force in the sonnet he has the fowl arrived in a roost on the bust of Pallus.â This speaks to the goddess of wisdom.â He picked this with the goal that when the raven expresses the words nevermore it will perhaps give him a quality of knowledge rather stock and store being the main word he knows and just talks it randomly.â He accepted by utilizing the raven and having it express this single word all through the entire sonnet it made the nevermores substantially more impressive when spoken in light of the storyteller or youthful keeps an eye on questions.â Each time the storyteller would pose an inquiry the raven essentially addressed nevermore.â He needed to utilize something that would be completely non-thinking so it would have a ground-breaking meaning when talking, in this way the utilization of the winged creature. The sonnet is about a purportedly youngster who is sitting alone on a dull and grim December late evening pining over the loss of his one genuine romance Lenore.â He is perusing books of legend to help facilitate the torment of his loss.â It is then that he hears the tapping on the chamber entryway and opens it to discover just void. One can nearly feel the dreariness and the solitariness he probably felt being separated from everyone else in his investigation with scarcely a fire left and everything dim around him.â It nearly is letting you think he is totally lost in his own hopelessness from his loss.â Everything is dreary and dark.â When the raven comes a tapping he from the outset is frightened and afterward begins scrutinizing that possibly it is something else.â He trusts it could be the fiend come to torment him over his loss.â He says the raven is from the evenings plutonian shore or an emissary for the afterlife.â When after every request he gives the flying creature it just reacts as nevermore.â At first the nevermore reaction is taken as a senseless flying creature that has just learned just single word and has incidentally flown from his lord place, however when the winged animal really shows up and sits upon the bust of Pallus the youthful storyteller begins to think perhaps there is a whole other world to this raven than meets the eye. At the point when the winged animal has roosted upon the bust the youngster is entranced by his essence and pulls up a chair.â He is presently thrown in the shadow of this strange fledgling and can't leave his spot.â He accepts a wide range of things of this fowl continually asking about his lost Lenore. Â The feathered creature basically answers nevermore.â This from the start unsettles the man however as the sonnet proceeds towards the end he just concedes that his spirit is caught perpetually under the ravens shadow not to be lifted nevermore.â Here is the point at which one can imagine how this is the defining moment where the youthful storyteller has at long last surrendered to his trouble and essentially doesnt need to go on any longer without his darling Lenore. The sonnet is really sad.â A youngster has lost the affection for his life and is just alone in this world and is experiencing difficulty considering going on without his missed and grieved love. The entire state of mind of this sonnet is very Poe.â Its dim and despairing and terrifying no big surprise such a significant number of have republished it.â Another thing this sonnet is noted for is its idyllic structure.â This sonnet was comprised of 18 refrains with 6 lines each.â According to Richard Kopely the meter is trochaic octameter-eight trochaic feet for every line, with each foot having one focused on syllable followed by one unstressed syllable.4â â â Poe guarantees that the sonnet is a mix of octameter acatalectic, heptameter catalectic and tetrameter catalectic.â The rhyme plot is ABCBBB or AA,B,CC,CB,B,B when representing the interior rhyme.5 Another structure that this sonnet utilizes intensely is alliteration.â Alliteration is the redundancy of consonant sounds in a progression of words.â A model would be, for example, questioning, dreaming dreams.â Edgar Allen Poe was additionally revealed as having an extremely broad jargon. He would ordinarily utilize words that were not normally used.â In The Raven Poe utilized antiquated and beautiful language together on the grounds that he thought it was proper on account of the significance of the poem,â A youthful darling who invests the vast majority of his energy with books of overlooked Lore.â Examples of words he utilized in this sonnet are Seraphim which is a six winged holy messenger remaining within the sight of God. Another is Nepenthe which is a mixture utilized by people of old to actuate neglect or sorrow.â Balm of Gilead is a relieving salve made in Palestine. Plutonian the God of the black market in Roman folklore. Poe accepted the utilization of these words just upgraded the importance he needed to accomplish recorded as a hard copy The Raven.â â The inner expressions of rapping and tapping and snoozing make an inward rhyme that is supposed to be practically melodic and joined with the similar sounding word usage it becomes hypnotic.â Onomatopoeia is likewise utilized all through this poem.â This is words that sound like what they describe.â A model would be in lines 13-18 where stirring is utilized. As referenced before the distribution of The Raven made Edgar Allen Poe and moment success.â Not just was it printed for its enormous interest yet in addition parodied.â These appeared everywhere throughout the North.â There were a few ruins to this publication.â Although cherished and loved there were some who basically didn't accept he really composed it.â Some accepted he took it from a Charles Dickens Story titled Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of Eighty.â The ravens in the two stories are said to endure an incredible resemblance.â A mysterious essayist is said to have sent in to The Evening Mirror the distribution who printed The Raven and proposed that it was copied from a sonnet called The Bird of the Dream by an anonymous author.â They expressed that 18 likenesses between the sonnets existed.â At Poes passing his companion Thomas Chivers guaranteed that Poes Raven was appropriated from one of his sonnets and furthermore asserted he was the motivation for the meter of the poem.â Whatever the case Edgar Allen Poe will consistently be the one credited for the extraordinary masterpiece.â Many conjecture that he composed this sonnet in either 10 days or perhaps 10 years one will never know.â This sonnet didn't bring him much money related achievement yet made him an abstract success.â His companion Elizabeth Barett composed and revealed to Poe that his raven had made a major sensation over in England.â Many of her companions are overwhelmed with dread while others are by the music the verses appear to show as you read.â

American Federation of Teachers Essay

The proceeded with drive to improve instruction and to help the enactment of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) strategy of the legislature has pushed the area of Georgia to make a successful structure of surveying and testing understudies of their capability in the various domains of training. By doing such, the region consents to the enactment and strategies as well as simultaneously guarantees that the proceeded with need of understudies in the assistance of training is achieved. Seeing the three reports ideas of likeness can be seen. Looking carefully these similitudes have well in truth have to do with the norms set by the region of Georgia with the respects to capability measures. Likewise, there is a comparability in the target and basis that an improvement of such measures is important to accomplish the ideal instructive needs of understudies in the study hall. Ultimately, there is by all accounts accentuation and significance on making fitting techniques inside the study hall situation. This implies the two instructors and understudies are relied upon something to contribute for the general assistance of study halls. Then again, the two archives have their own disparities. One significant contrast that can be found in the article are their relative degrees One article centers around the general system and thoughts in Georgia concerning the improvement of gauges that will upgrade understudy training. Then again, the other article grandstands an examination of more profound arrangements of guidelines. This implies each point and target is explained all the more unmistakably and brought down to per level class. This arrangement assists perusers with understanding the intricacy and profundity of such activity. With this understanding, legitimate studying and contentions can emerge which later can add to a superior improvement of activities that can encourage and direct change for understudies and educators inside the study hall. Making gauges are a necessary part in the general help of learning inside the study hall arrangement. This is on the grounds that it upgrades the degree of information bestowed to understudies and simultaneously. â€Å"Introducing guidelines in the homeroom will increase the learning experience by directing understudies toward accessible plan and showcasing instruments, and best industry rehearses. † (Schultz, 2005) Furthermore, the making of principles implements the completion and acknowledgment of data of understudies inside the study halls. â€Å"By building up gauges for instructor ability in understudy appraisal, the affiliations buy in to the view that understudy evaluation is a fundamental piece of instructing and that great educating can't exist without great understudy evaluation. † (American Federation of Teachers, 1990) By incorporating these guidelines, it can make an indispensable part in the general procedure of learning and help of instruction. Improving understudy learning requires an exhaustive comprehension of issues spinning around a specific subject. Thusly, it gives the instructors the important data that they have to continue and create strategies satisfactory for understudies needs. First these archives fill in as (1) an additional device for application. Seeing the improvement of writing gives choices for instructors to apply appropriate plans in study halls. Second, it portrays approaches in the field of instructive advancement of understudies. â€Å"Students can't accomplish elevated levels of execution without access to talented expert instructors, satisfactory study hall time, a rich exhibit of learning materials, obliging work spaces, and the assets of the networks encompassing their schools. † (NSES, p. 1) Lastly, these records advance uniformity in the study halls as far as tending to the necessities of every entertainer. By understanding the significance of understudy and teacher’s needs, targets can be aligned to all the more likely suit the study hall. At long last, writing has demonstrated that by making norms, issues in instruction and understudy needs can be tended to. Appropriately applying these principles inside the study hall should be done with the goal for understudies to profit of the best possible measure of training they have to support their comprehensive turn of events and tries. References American Federation of Teachers. (1990) Standards for Teacher Competence in Educational Assessment of Students. Recovered April 24, 2008 from http://www. unl. edu/buros/bimm/html/article3. html National Science of Education Standards. National Science Education Standards: An Overview. Recovered April 24, 2008 from http://www. snooze. edu/readingroom/books/nses/diagram. html Schultz, D. (2005) Standards in the Classroom in ASTM International. Recovered April 24, 2008 from http://www. astm. organization/SNEWS/JULY_2005/schultz_jul05. html

Characterization of Rice Husk Varieties in Uganda for Biofuels - Free Essay Example

Uganda has registered recent successes in rice production making it a potential rice basket for Eastern Africa (Africa Rice Center, 2013). The remarkable rice boom in Uganda is attributed to good farming practices, premium market prices, and favorable policies that have stimulated large private investment in the rice sector over the last few years. As a result, paddy production jumped from about 120,000 t in 2002 to more than 220,000 t in 2011 (Africa Rice Center, 2013). Rice husk (RH) is the waste generated during the milling process of rice. On average 20% of the paddy rice is husk (Giddel and Jivan, 2007), giving an annual global total production of about 144 million Mt (FAO, 2011). Several conversion techniques exist that can be utilized to extract energy from rice husks. They include thermo-chemical, bio-chemical and physico-chemical conversion techniques (Delivand et al., 2011). Besides the use of rice husk for production of biofuel, it can also be used to manufacture bio-products such as particle boards, insulation boards, ceiling boards and as a fertilizer. Moreover, the burning of rice husk under controlled conditions generates rice husk ash (RHA) which is a valuable material for industrial applications due to its high silica content. RHA contains 87â€Å"97% silica which can serve as a source for many silicon-based materials (Rozainee et al., 2008). In addition, the ash from biomass fuel contains only trace amounts of heavy metals, which makes them fairly easy to dispose off and can also be a good fertilizer (Olanders and Steenari, 1994). Despite the potential benefits associated with rice husk, only about 17% of the rice husk produced globally, find an application per year (Ankur, 2010), suggesting that very large quantities become a waste. The common practice of burn-ing rice husk without heat recovery and openly dumping of these wastes still prevails especially in developing countries to which Uganda is no exception (UNEP, 2009). In other places, the rice husk is left to rot in situ, subsequently emitting greenhouse gasses (GHG) and causing other environmental problems (Jeng et al., 2012). Moreover in many develop-ing countries, the utilization of rice husk is constrained by unavailability of improved technology. The chemical differ-ences between biomass components directly influence their chemical reactivities. This is why the knowledge of the total amount of each component is crucial to predict the efficiency of a biomass conversion process (Ando et al., 2000). Similarly, the utilization of RHA depends on the com position of ash which in turn depends on the plant species, growth conditions and ash fraction (Demirbas, 2005). This study therefore set out to investigate the properties of rice husk from ten selected rice varieties in Uganda. This was done so as to precisely determine the possible technologies for potential utilization of the husks from each rice variety. Additionally, an economic comparison was made to evaluate the benefits of electricity production from rice husks as opposed to diesel engine gen-erators. Materials and methods Sample collection and preparation Ten varieties of rice grains were collected from one geograph-ical region in Uganda. The samples were de-husked in an identical de-husker. Approximately one kg of husk from each rice variety was carefully kept in separate sampling bags. The samples were each subsequently milled to pass through a 1 mm mesh sieve using a 1093 cyclotec sample mill for sub-sequent characterization. Characterization of rice husk varieties The characterization work involved bulk density, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose analyses. Three experimental runs were conducted for each parameter and then the average value obtained. References: Please cite this article in press as: Olupot, P.W., et al., Characterization of rice husk varieties in Uganda for biofuels and their techno-economic feasibility in gasification. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. (2015), https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2015.11.010

Education Field Using The Synthesis Method Of Research...

Kinesthetic Learning in the Classroom In the past, the classroom setting was seen as very black and white with desks lined up in rows all facing the front of the classroom. In this setting, the teacher would lecture his or her students for hours on end. Following these long drawn out lectures, students would receive written exams over what they had just learned. However, this style of learning and teaching has become out of date and students and classrooms are all suffering. There is however, a better way for students to learn in a more creative and interactive way that will be more effective and fun for the students all at the same time. This study will be focused in the education field using the synthesis method of research studies. This study is focused on proving that when movement is implemented into the classroom setting, it creates a better learning environment for students and helps them develop a more permanent understanding of what they are learning. The brain is a very powerful tool for the young mind and must be nurtured in order to reach its fullest potential. The classroom is the number one place where this nurturing should take place. However, this is not the case in schools all across the country. When the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was put into effect, standardized testing began to take over the classroom and soon funding was cut from various school programs. This included programs such as physical and health education. Instead, this funding andShow MoreRelatedMy Choice For Choosing A Career807 Words   |  4 Pagesacademician and a researcher, seeking to expand the boundaries of knowledge and learning in the field of pharmacy. My choice for selecting a career in pharmacy is truly based on my natural flair towards science. As the wonders of sciences in high school inspired me, I decided a career in the area of Medical Pharmaceutical Sciences. The desire to study medical sciences prompted me to consider the study of pharmaceutical sciences as I was always adept at the conceptual understanding of science andRead MoreCompare the Lib vs Google Article959 Words   |  4 Pagesthe first article I chose was, â€Å"Review of the evidence for oral health promotion effectiveness,† which is from the Health Education Journal. The other article is titled, â€Å"A systemic review of the effectiveness of health promotion aimed at improving oral health† which I Google and found in Community Dental Health. Both articles have the same objectives in promoting research, understanding and assessing evidence for effectiveness of oral health. The difference is that the article from CommunityRead MoreDesign And Development Case Study1285 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents intellectually, and making communication easier in education (Amgad AlFaar, 2014; Fan et al., 2016; Hollinderbaumer, Hartz, and Uckert, 2013). However, application and research about the use of these tools in training and education in the medical field are still in the early stages. As research in the application of technology tools to healthcare education expands, RT training has not kept up with other health care fields (Wissing, et al., 2016). RT must advance from traditional classroomRead MoreQualitative Research On Quantitative Research1496 Words   |  6 Pagesqualitative research method involves analysing data, such as words, pictures or objects. It is more subjective, and requires the researcher to interpret data in order to form thematic ideas. Quantitative research can gather a large amount of data that can be easily organised and manipulated into reports for analysis. It often includes one to one interview. It utilises open- ended questions. This means that the researcher has to interpret their findings. Moreover, in qualitative research is used toRead MoreIncreasing Student Success And Retention1557 Words   |  7 PagesMultidimensional Approach. Journal of Developmental Education, 34 (2), 2-10. Guiding questions and concepts Note your responses in this column Summary What was the article about in your words (evaluate abstract when initially reading for this information)? †¢ Nature of paper: Research? If yes, qualitative? Quantitative? Specific method? Meta-analysis? If no, position? Survey of literature? Critical analysis of the literature (topic research)? Position paper? Case study? Description paper? White paper? †¢ Information:Read MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of A Cerebral Vascular Attack1604 Words   |  7 Pagesto their maximum potential, as well as develop their psychosocial confidence to be able to integrate into society with a disability. Patients can have an improved recovery from stroke by participating in rehabilitation services in the community and using their support system once discharged from the acute care setting. In this paper, it will be demonstrated that caregivers of stroke patients tend to influence recovery differently. Also, stroke survivors must integrate within their community to continueRead MoreDigital Signal Processing936 Words   |  4 PagesWith the advent of digitization in every field from communication to media, the need for methods to process digital signals is more important than ever. Now that I am on the threshold of embarking on a career that will encompass a major part of my adult life, I think it is natural that I veer towards Signal processing. As I look back, I feel that my natural inclination and excellence in mathematics from childhood has led me along this path. Digital Signal processing incorporates the use of mathematicsRead Moreliterature review1550 Words   |  7 Pagesrelating to a research topic or a research problem. †¢ Analyzes a body of literature in order to classify it by themes or categories, rather than simply discussing individual works one after another. †¢ Presents the research and ideas of the field rather than each individual work or author by itself. A literature review often forms part of a larger research project, such as within a thesis (or major research paper), or it may be an independent written work, such as a synthesis paper. Read MoreProfessional Engineer Summary Statement Competency1511 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiment and upgrade my knowledge in the field of my interest. My studies in the days prior to commencing the project helped me in gaining this project. My experience during this project was described in this career episode, â€Å"AUTOMATED GUIDED VEHICLE†. During my term in the organization as an Engineering student, I was responsible to control the vehicle by sensing the obstacles that come across using the IR Sensors. In this report I have Read MoreResearch Methodology: Qualitative Methods of Data Collection Essay1720 Words   |  7 Pagescarry out my study. This study will use a qualitative approach to study and address the issue of the lack of healthy eating promotion in schools. The three types of data collection I plan to use are: direct observation, focus groups and a questionnaire. These methods will be clarified later in this chapter. Rationale for Qualitative Methodology Qualitative research is an approach that attempts to situate an activity that locates the observer in the world by providing the study to occur in

Modern Day Color And Sound Motion Pictures - 1323 Words

â€Å"The desire for a sense of motion, action, and narrative (cinema’s roots) stretch all the way back to prehistory with cave drawings†¦ In fact, the entire history of human accomplishment in the visual arts seems to reveal a deep seated desire to represent time, space, and action visually- and as vividly as possible†. (Lewis 5) Throughout history, people have exhibited a need to be entertained and a need for hope or something to look forward to. Without anything to live for, something to strive for, life can prove to be meaningless. From the production of cave drawings to the creation of modern day color and sound motion pictures, story telling has always been a part of human existence. A look at the history of the development of the†¦show more content†¦The invention of moving pictures began in 1875 in California when Leland Stanford, the governor of California, got into a disagreement with a rival gambler about whether or not all four hooves of a horse are ever off the ground at the same time. To get to the bottom of this argument, â€Å"Stanford hired Eadweard Muybridge, a British born entrepreneur and renowned photographer† to set up a row of cameras along a racetrack and capture the stages of the horses gallop with timed exposures. (Lewis 8) This technique, known as the â€Å"battery-of-camera† technique, brought photography leaps and bonds closer to cinema. After proving that all four hooves of a horse are indeed off the ground at the same time, Muybridge took his series photographs on the road where he not only exhibited his work but also talked about the technology that produced it. It was at one of these shows that Thomas Edison met with Muybridge and became â€Å"interested in producing a more sophisticated simulation of movement on film than Muybridge’s series photographs could ever have produced†¦ He had plans to develop a system that might sync serial images with recorded sound playe d back on the Edison phonograph†. (Lewis 9). After meeting with Muybridge, Edison enlisted photographer William Kennedy Laurie Dickson to help him take technology one step further and create a camera that could take a sequence of pictures with a single load

The Argos and Littlewoods

Question: Write an essay onThe Argos and Littlewoods. Answer: The Argos and Littlewoods Plc. the two high street catalogue retailer united with Hasbro Limited in the toy market of United Kingdom. They are engaged in the price agreement with Hasbro. By deciding price of the toy by colluding or cooperating with each other, these three companies characterized the toy market as oligopoly market. The market is oligopoly in nature due to the limited number of firms that are the large (Sushko 2013). These two firms influences the price of the products of Hasbro and make agreement with this toy company regarding the price they will charge for the products from Hasbro. The toy market is characterized as oligopolistic market because; both Littlewoods and Argos sell identical toys from Hasbro in the market. However, these two firms are also engaged in the differentiating the toys that it distributes by offering several varieties or offering a discriminative price from its competitor. In the toy market, there is barrier to entry. This is because; it is qui te hard for the new firm to compete with the already established big enterprises. It cannot take full advantage of the market as the existing firms like Agros and Littlewood Plc have already captured a significant share of the market. In the oligopoly market structure, the numbers of producers are less. As a result of this, the firms are interdependent. One producer considers the reactions of the rivals before taking an action. This allows the firm to be engage in the collusion. The firms under oligopoly might be co-operative or non-cooperative. The firms might co-operate while agreeing upon the price and quantity to be sold. This is a collusive model, where, firms agree to act together while deciding the price and quantity (Roux and Thni 2015). With agreement of setting price and quantity by all oligopolistic firms will extract same result like the firm under monopoly. The profit generated will be divided or shared among the firms that have participated in the market. In this case, the co-operative collusion would take place. In some cases, it might happen that no matter of what actions the rival firms are taking, the firm has the best strategy. This is dominant strategy. The firms may be non-cooperative and make decision based on expectations, and guesses. This is non-collusive behavior (Okuguchi 2013). Through equilibrium, the outcomes are realized, as the firms do not communicate directly. This extracts the same results like the firms under perfect competition. This is less profitable and hence there is possibility that the firms collude with each other. The firms face threats of retaliation if they take non-cooperative strategy; therefore, this possibility of the oligopolistic market structure led the firms to collude in the market. The collusion may not be cheat-proof in an oligopolistic model. The firms engaged in an oligopoly market can cheat on the cartel agreement (Escrihuela Villar and Guilln 2014). Suppose the collusive firms decided to charge monopoly price for a certain level of output. However, one can cheat by charging lower price and expand their share of output. The government of India operates the Indian Railways. There a re huge numbers of buyers of the railway services, but there is one sole service provider in this sector. Hence, it is characterized as a monopoly market. Since there are no other firms in this market, the railway board enjoys the market power and decides the fares or charges of availing this service (Agarwal 2014). It enjoys the monopoly power. Moreover, there are restrictions from the legislations that no company can enter this market; therefore, there is also barrier to enter the market. In addition to this, infrastructure of this sector requires huge initial investment, which is quite impossible if government has not occupied this sector. The development of the railway service also requires R D activities. Hardly any private firm will take up this initiative, hence, all the features of Indian Railways indicates that it falls under the monopoly market. If this market had been a monopolistically competitive, the government would have lost some of its power over the price determina tion. The price charged by the railways would have been competitive. Moreover, there will be tough competition among the firms, in terms of price setting; quality of services; punctuality of the train timings and so on. The railways of India would have been more efficient in nature. References Agarwal, S., 2014. Indian Railways: A Monopoly Organisation.International Journal of Innovative Research and Development,3(10). Escrihuela Villar, M. and Guilln, J., 2014. On the Sustainability of Collusion in a Differentiated Oligopoly with a Cartel and a Fringe.Bulletin of Economic Research,66(S1), pp.S132-S137. Okuguchi, K., 2013.Expectations and stability in oligopoly models(Vol. 138). Springer Science Business Media. Roux, C. and Thni, C., 2015. Collusion among many firms: The disciplinary power of targeted punishment.Journal of Economic Behavior Organization,116, pp.83-93. Sushko, I. ed., 2013.Oligopoly dynamics: Models and tools. Springer Science Business Media.

Smartphone Software

Introduction Smart phone is a mobile phone which is based on a mobile computing platform. It has more advanced computing capabilities and networking as compared to a contemporary mobile phone. The first smart phones were developed to join the operations of a mobile phone and a personal digital assistant (PDA).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Smartphone Software specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currently, Smartphone devices are used to combine operations of portable media players, compact digital cameras, pocket video cameras, and GPS navigation units. Today, Smartphone includes web browsers that can properly navigate web pages rather than websites. They also include high-resolution touch screens, mobile, broadband, and fast data access through Wi-Fi. Modern smart phones use various software such as Nokia’s Symbian, Microsoft Windows Mobile, and Apple’s ios, Windows phone, Blackberry Operati ng System; Android and embedded Linux (Yang Zheng, 2007). This software is installed on various smart phone models, and each device can get several software updates over the lifetime. The difference between smart phones and other phones is vague, as there is no explanation on the difference between them. The crucial difference that can be established is the advanced application programming interfaces on smart phones. This enables applications to integrate with the Smartphone’s operating system and its. Smart phones have been developed in the last decade. Initially, business professionals used smart phones, but today they are accessible to the public. The purpose of this research paper is to compare the advantages and disadvantages of various Smartphone’s software applications. Smart phone soft ware Nokia’s Symbian is one of the first Smartphone softwares. The operating system was developed for ordinary gaming, basic media, and text messaging operations, as well as basic e-mail and web surfing operations (Frederick, 2010). The software has several advantages.Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, it offers a combination of leading edge mobile technology and various ranges of run times. It has led to development of million Symbian devices that provide an excellent opportunity to deliver profitable applications in the market. It provides all features required to test applications for Symbian devices on a P.C. In addition, Smartphone helps in developing the VGA screen resolution, which facilitates the development for the Nokia E6 device. The software provides updated browser, which is installed in Nokia phones. The three-plane architecture provides improved data flow performance. Symbian software supports Korean and Chinese languages. It enables a person to develop applications using Qt, C++, and Web Runtime. Nokia Symbia has various disadvantages (Firtman, 2010). For instance, Symbian 3 uses numerical keypad, which is not proficient in the word of prediction and autocorrelation. The operating system has unimpressive browser causing users to seek help of third party applications such as opera mobile to get browsing experience. Its online music store, Ovi music, did not receive positive responses. It does not allow the user to purchase all movies, music videos, and TV shows. The software has few applications as compare to other software such as windows phone (Firtman, 2010). It has few third party applications compared to Android and iPhone. Nokia Symbia application system lacks social integration as it supports face book right now. Blackberry is another operating system installed in smart phones. This software mostly focuses on providing information through advanced e-mail and web surfing capabilities. The software receives e-mails from anywhere as long as it can locate a network. Blackberry operating system has various advantages (Firtman, 2010). For example, the development of push emails technology, which is available in most smart phones. It enables the user to receive e-mails in real time as soon as they are reflected in user’s inbox. It helps in compressing data that is transmitted through RIM servers.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Smartphone Software specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This leads to saving massive costs that could be accrued due to severe bandwidth depletion. Blackberry operation system enables the user to access the cheapest Internet services. Blackberry phones have magnificent QWERTY keyboard, which makes typing easy and fluid. Blackberry software has various challenges. First, it makes blackberry phones to be of a poor call quality in 3G mode. The phone keeps getting supplementary service errors. The operating system makes it difficult for users to download large files (Firtman , 2010). They are able to download files of over 2.9mb to 4.8mb. Blackberry services, like e-mail browsing, require service books to function. If the service books are not advanced the services will not function. The operation system has slow and average browser. Although data is compressed, loading WebPages on curve 3G takes some time and web components are scattered on the screen. It takes a long time to reboot black berry phones. In soft reboot, the phone is switched off but all applications are left running prior to shutdown. It is difficult to watch YouTube videos on a blackberry device, as it does not support streaming FLV files (Fling, 2009). Another Smartphone operating system is the iPhone Ios. Apple Company developed this software in 2007. It is the software installed in apple phones such as iphone, the iPod Touch, and the ipad. When it started it could only support Apple applications. Today it can multitask as the apple company developed a new version in 2010 (Fling, 2009 ). The iphone is popular and one of the best parts at third party applications. This software is easy to use and easy to access. The software has other advantages as compared to the other software. It has improved camera performance. It performs an order of high magnitude than the other software. It focuses quickly, take pictures, and gets back to screen quickly. The camera also has a digital zoom feature, which enables the user to create folders on the screen. This helps in reducing the number of home screens by putting applications in the folders.Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It contains a spell check application to aid typing. The spell check allows the user to select the word he means instead of arbitrarily choosing one for the user. It supports a unified inbox, all the emails go to a master inbox instead of a separate inboxes. The software also enables blackberry phones to multi task (Fling, 2009). The user can now switch between applications as fast as possible. This is a considerable benefit as many applications have the background support. The operating system also has various weaknesses, which need to be improved. Semi threaded emails enable users to see messages received in a conversation, but not the sent messages. This implies that the user will only be able to see half of the conversation. There is no real improvement on iPod devices. The current iPod device is identical to what has been available in the last three years (Firtman, 2010). The software cannot allow the user to put additional ringing tones. There is no lock screen improvement. Th e user has to unlock the device to interact with missed messages, calls, and voice mails. There is no attachment supporting email. The user is not able to attach something to the messaging once he has started composing it. Android is a Smartphone operating system based on Linux and sponsored by Google. Today, there are about 90000 Android operating systems applications. This makes the software as one of the most known systems. The operating system is the world best selling Smartphone platform. It has a large market for third party applications (Firtman, 2010). One of its substantial benefits is the ability to multitask. This makes it the most reliable and sensible device to Smartphone customers. It is one of the best user-friendly softwares in the world. It is also remarkably easy to customize the operating system. It provides an option of removable batteries, which enables the user to insert an extra battery. It also has an option for expandable memory, which is useful, if the inte rnal memory is small. Most mobile phone companies such as Samsung electronics and Motorola use it to run their smart phones. There are different types of devices such as music players, which run Android Operating System, making it the most popular. It is easy to install and download applications from Android operating system. The procedures of removing applications are not time consuming as in other phones. New versions of Android are launched every three months this means more applications and improvements. The prices for this devices are not high, so many customers can afford them. This operating system has some challenges. The ability to customize may create problems in the near future (Firtman, 2010). When the user customizes the phone, he is bound to make a mistake. Android phones have a small screen size this makes other competitors a better option. Launching new versions now and then may make some users unhappy. This is because not every user is capable of updating his phone. The Apple Company is offering better and a large number of applications than Android market. This makes it extremely costly for Android to compete in the market. Finally, Windows phone 7 is the latest operating system in the market. It was released in October 2010. It uses a mobile version of Internet explorer. Adobe is included in the operating system with a mobile version of flash. The operating system updates is delivered through Microsoft updates. This is the latest operating system, and it has various advantages. It has a pure and elegant main screen. It allows easy access, to voice mail and call history. It consists of excellent zune based interface, which enables the user to play music and media (Fling, 2009). It enables the user to upload photos automatically, to sky drive. The operating system is easy to update by zune software. It enables the user to open multiple tabs and web pages. It also enables the user to link profiles from several locations into a single contact. L ike other software, windows phone 7 has various problems. The battery and signal status are not always visible. There is no multitasking for third party application. There are extremely limited Bluetooth options. Users cannot be able to customize their devices (Firtman, 2010). There is no unified inbox for emails. The keyboard layouts in this phone discourage strong passwords. Windows phone 7 makes to be difficult for the user to move files around on the main screen. Conclusion Smart phone software has been developed in the modern technology. There are several software applications in the market. The applications have more advantages as compared to the feature phones. Most users prefer the Smartphone software as they are easy to operate and they consist of various applications. They are user friendly and they help users in accessing the internet. They have several challenges but advantages outweigh disadvantages. Reference List Firtman, M. (2010). Programming the mobile web. Chicago : O’Reilly Media. Fling, B. (2009). Mobile design and development. Chicago: O’Reilly Media. Frederick, G. (2010). Beginning smart phone web development. New York: Apress. Yang, B., Zheng, P. (2007). Professional microsoft smartphone programming. Hong Kong: Wrox. This research paper on Smartphone Software was written and submitted by user Madeline Albert to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Interpreting Dreams That Never Occurred The Dream Sequence in The Wife of Baths Prologue and Its Implied Concepts

Interpreting Dreams That Never Occurred The Dream Sequence in The Wife of Baths Prologue and Its Implied Concepts As history records show, feminism and Middle Ages are not quite compatible; despite the fact that the idea of women’s liberation was started way back in the Ancient Greece (DuBois, 2007), the Dark Ages set the evolution of a feminist movement back to the era of chauvinism and male dominance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Interpreting Dreams That Never Occurred: The Dream Sequence in The Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Its Implied Concepts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite men being predominantly satisfied with the given state of affairs at that time, humanist ideas were spawned by Chaucer ‘s The Canterbury tales in the era when women had little to no authority in the society, therefore, posing a number of marriage and relationship related ethical questions to the male part of the audience and encouraging women to pursue their independence in marriage, which The Clerk’s tale and the dre am of the fifth wife in The wife of Bath’s prologue show in the most graphic way. The fact that the fifth wife was willingly inclining the man that would later on become her fifth husband to murder her fourth one, whom she accused of beating her and having her will completely trodden under his feet, can also be interpreted as not only the demand for women to be free in their marriage, as well as free to choose their future husband, but also the need for a woman to be equal to her husband. On the one hand, such interpretation seems impossible in the light of the oppression that women were under in the Middle Ages. Indeed, with the chauvinist ideas setting the course for social tendencies, as well as the principles for relationships between a man and a woman, the mere mentioning of equality would be absurd. Nevertheless, the plea – or, perhaps, even a demand – for being treated fair can be easily read into every single phrase uttered by the fifth wife, not to ment ion the dream story that she crafted: â€Å"You say that just as worms destroy a tree, / Just so a wife destroys her own husband; / Men know this who are bound in marriage band† (Chaucer, n. d., lines 382–384). In this regard, Clerk’s tale by Chaucer should also be mentioned. Also dealing with the subject of a woman’s role in marriage, it might be seen as a major retreat in Chaucer’s feminist endeavors, since the main storyline revolves around a woman being so devoted to her husband that she sacrifices her children and her happiness to serve him: â€Å"O Lord, I am willing  / To do your will† (Chaucer, n. d.). However, Chaucer still manages to state his opinion regarding equality in marriage: â€Å"But bow your neck beneath that blessed yoke  / Of sovereignty and not of hard service,  / The which men call espousal or wedlock† (Chaucer, n. d.).Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help y ou! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Griselda, therefore, is a symbol of a wife, who admits her husband to be her master. While being aligned with the contemporary Christian principles of marriage, from a humanist perspective, the given concept is absurd, since in marriage, both a wife and a husband must be provided with equal rights; any other type of relationships can be classified as not marriage, but slavery. In spite of the chauvinist tendencies of the Medieval society, as well as the lack of equality in relationship between a man and a woman in the Middle Ages, Chaucer managed to make a statement concerning the need to provide women with freedoms in their personal life. While not stating the fact that women are equal to men directly, Chaucer conveys the given principle in his Canterbury tales in a very clear manner, making an especially explicit statement in describing the dream of the fifth wife and The Clerk’s tale. The tales that could eas ily be interpreted as a joke by Chaucer’s contemporaries, they planted the seeds for feminist principles to evolve from. Reference List Chaucer, G. (n. d.). The clerk’s tale. Web. Chaucer, G. (n. d.) The wife of Bath’s prologue. Retrieved from jsu.edu/depart/english/gates/wifebprt.htm DuBois, E. C. (2007) Plato as a proto-feminist. Web.

Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Science - Essay Example The main purpose of taking field trip is to allow students a real life experience that they would not be possible to have within the classroom setting or the laboratory. Academics believe that these varieties of activities enhance students’ understanding of the processes concerned and conjointly improve student’s attitudes towards science and within the classroom likewise. These trips have proven to be an effective pedagogy and may be used both effectively as well as frequently. Through a look of the Aquarium’s exhibits and behind the scenes areas, students are going to be exposed to aquarium careers and research. Also students would be able to understand how the Aquarium meets the diverse needs of the sea animals. Animal behavior is another interesting study. Before transferring animals to an aquarium, biologists study and understand how these animals behave and what they require to survive. Training is provided to the staff to take care of the health of those animals. On the other hand, there are Discovery labs. These labs provide great opportunities for different level of classes to dive into science. Through in-depth investigations, students will explore the ideas of marine biology and oceanography. These interactive discovery labs bring science to life and supply a chance for students to engage in group discussion. Few educators question the worth of learning through experience and research. They have indicated that learning outside the classroom setting can be educationally effective from both a psychological feature and emotional standpoint. Non-native speakers in particular who do not experience much success in the academic field might spark a lifetime passion while visiting, as an aquarium may present intricate information in more exciting and varied ways. As a result, these trips help in motivating students to learn more

Pros and Cons of Police Gratuities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Pros and Cons of Police Gratuities - Essay Example This means that gratuities in the police force are for favors, called for now or later. Secondly, issuing gratuities to police officers is a way of seeking preferential treatment. Newburn argues that businesses that offer gratuities are in essence encouraging greater police presence near their business (Newburn 10) Additionally, gratuities are a form of temptation to many officers. An officer who is used to a free lunch at a kiosk is easy to manipulate, to accept a bribe disguised as a gratuity. Furthermore, once officers are used to gratuities, they take it as an obligation of members of the public to give it before they can receive the services. This, in turn, becomes a habit and only a few who can afford to pay to receive the services. Acceptance of gratuities imposes a sense of obligation to the officer accepting the gratuity. Therefore, the officer bears the obligation to deliver a request for service or favor. Gratuities also expose officers to biased judgment since they are likely to treat the members of the public who give them gratuities with favor. Firstly, police work involves a lot of risk. According to Martin, â€Å"In police work, results are measured in such terms as the number of arrests and amount of weapons and drugs recovered† (Martin web). These risk activities carried out by police officers calls for a form of appreciation in form of gratuity, at least to appreciate their hard work. Secondly, it is a form of appreciation for service offered besides their line of duty. For example, an appreciation after offering services where two vehicles had an accident qualifies as a gratuity. It is rude for a police officer to refuse an appreciation by the parties. Thirdly, it can be argued that gratuities are so small to cultivate any favor.

The Great Gatsby Essay Example for Free

The Great Gatsby Essay Both Fitzgerald and Gatsby vowed early in life to be successful and prosperous. The underlining symbolism in The Great Gatsby is well presented and can be analyzed through deeper literal examination of quotes such as (pg. 16) I didnt call to him, for he gave a sudden intimation that he was content to be alone he stretched out his arms towards the dark water in a curious way, and, far as I was from him, I could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seaward and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock. When I looked once more for Gatsby he had vanished, and I was alone again in the unquiet darkness. This chapter therefore comes to an end with the symbol of the green light that is mysterious. The readers first knowledge of the green light is depicted when Gatsby tries to reach out towards it, like he is worshipping it. As we progress, we discover that the green light is at the end of Daisys dock and is a symbol of Gatsby dream and hope for the future. On page 115, Fitzgerald proceeds to compare Gatsby green light to the green beast of the world. This demonstrates that even though Daisy is a symbol of power and wealth, there are underlying evil aspects that surround the beauty and comfort and envisaged by Gatsby. The word time appears 450 times in the novel either by itself or in a compound word. Fitzgerald obviously wanted to emphasize the importance of time to the overall design of the book. Time is most important to Gatsbys character. Gatsbys relationship with time is a major aspect to the plot. He wants to erase five years from not only his own life but also Daisys. Gatsbys response to Nick, telling him that he can repeat the past, is symbolic of the tragic irony that is behind Gatsbys fate. Gatsby exclaims (pg. 116), Cant repeat the past? Why of course you can! Gatsby cannot accept Daisy until she erases the last three years of her life by telling Tom that she never loved him to his face. Gatsby fully believes what he says and thinks or desperately hopes, that is true about Daisy. At one part of the story he actually tells Nick how, as soon as Tom is out of the picture, he and Daisy were going to go to Memphis so they could get married at her white house just like it were five years before hand. In another scene, when Gatsby and Nick go to the Buchanan’s for lunch towards the end of the book, Gatsby sees Daisys and Toms child for the first time. Nick describes Gatsbys expression as a natural surprise and suggests that Gatsby probably never before believed in the girls existence. Gatsby is so caught up in his dream that he becomes vulnerable to the worlds brutal reality. Daisy like so is characterized as a symbol of wealth and power; Fitzgerald distinctively creates a time symbolism in the scene when Daisy and Gatsby meet for the first time in five years. As Nick enters the room where Daisy and Gatsby have just met, Gatsby is leaning nervously against the mantelpiece while resting his head upon the clock on the mantle. At an awkward pause in the conversation, the clock starts to tip as if to fall off the mantle. Gatsby dramatically catches the clock before it falls and all three characters are speechless, stricken with a strange awe of the precious clock. Nick, narrates, I think we all believed for a moment that it had smashed in pieces on the floor. The clock was symbolizing time and Gatsbys head resting on it was all the pressure that Gatsby was putting on time. Time could not support the demands that Gatsby was making. Gatsby gingerly catching the clock and his resultant apology symbolizes the sensitivity of his plan and how necessarily delicate his methods were. The main theme of Scott F. Fitzgeralds book The Great Gatsby is the demonstration of how Americas culture of material wealth and sophistication desire has gone beyond the complete search for comfort in life to levels of worship. This ends up in harmful consequences outlined by the flaws in life. Fitzgerald used not only himself but also people he met and knew. Fitzgerald’s message in writing The Great Gatsby was the life of the â€Å"Jazz Age†. And the book tells about riches and glamour, as well as the materialism and the lack of morality of the Jazz Age.

Programming :: Free Essay Writer

Programming A program is a sequence of instructions that tells the hardware of a computer what operations to perform on data. Programs can be built into the hardware itself, or they may exist independently in a form known as software. In some specialized, or "dedicated," computers the operating instructions are embedded in their circuitry; common examples are the microcomputers found in calculators, wristwatches, automobile engines, and microwave ovens. A general-pur pose computer, on the other hand, contains some built-in programs (in ROM) or instructions (in the processor chip), but it depends on external programs to perform useful tasks. Once a computer has been programmed, it can do only as much or as little as the software controlling it at any given moment enables it to do. Software in widespread use includes a wide range of applications programs-instructions to the computer on how to perform various tasks. Languages. A computer must be given instructions in a "language" that it understands-that is, a particular pattern of binary digital information. On the earliest computers, programming was a difficult, laborious task, because vacuum-tube ON-OFF switches had to be set by hand. Teams of programmers often took days to program simple tasks such as sorting a list of names. Since that time a number of computer languages have been devised, some with particular kinds of functioning in mind and others aimed more at ease of use-the "user-friendly" approach. Machine Language. Unfortunately, the computer's own binary-based language, or machine language, is difficult for humans to use. The programmer must input every command and all data in binary form, and a basic operation such as comparing the contents of a register to the data in a memory-chip location might look like this: 11001010 00010111 11110101 00101011. Machine-language programming is such a tedious, time consuming, task that the time saved in running the program rarely justifies the days or weeks needed to write the program. Assembly Language. One method programmers devised to shorten and simplify the process is called "assembly-language" programming. By assigning a short (usually three-letter) mnemonic code to each machine-language command, assembly-language programs could be written and "debugged"-cleaned of logic and data errors-in a fraction of the time needed by machine-language programmers. In assembly language, each mnemonic command and its symbolic operands equals one machine instruction. An "assembler" program translates the mnemonic "opcodes" (operation codes) and symbolic operands into binary language and executes the program.

Beawolf is the destruction of peace and order in a community or nation

Violence, in the world of Beowulf, not only carries with it its inherent negative effects but also it helps to bring out good human qualities. The violence being described in the epic is the murder of inhabitants and the plundering of their possessions. The first negative effect of violence as depicted in Beowulf is the destruction of peace and order in a community or nation.In the epic, the key conflict is preventing or stopping evil monsters from causing violence to the hero’s land and those of neighboring shores. The two key enemies are Grendel and the Dragon.Grendel is a â€Å"grim monster†¦a descendent of Cain† who lives in a murky pond with his mother and with â€Å"elves and evil spirits† (Beowulf Book I). Cain is referred to in the Bible as a man who murdered his own brother so that as a punishment God cursed the ground for him and that he was sent out as a wanderer in the earth (â€Å"Genesis† 3). During times of great celebration in the grea t Hall built by King Hrothgar, King of Denmark, Grendel suddenly attacked the King’s guests. The attack brought terror and grief to the Danes and as a result the peace and joy they felt vanished.It is important to note that such merciless act was committed without any provocation from the Danes at all. One day Grendel just decided to come out of his lair and slaughtered his captives. The grief and terror felt by the Danes lasted for twelve long years as Grendel continued his cruelty (Beowulf Book I,II). The Dragon, on the other hand, was a monster â€Å" with a fire belching out of its mouth† who attacked Beowulf’s kingdom in his old age(Beowulf Book XXXII). He, too, was described as ruthless, strong and hard to be subdued.In a Christian context, a Dragon symbolizes evil and death (â€Å"Dragon† 2007). But unlike Grendel, the Dragon attacked upon provocation. His anger was roused when his treasures was stolen from a burial mound. Out of revenge he attack the Geats who at this time were enjoying fifty years of peace and serenity brought about by the wise rule of King Beowulf (Beowulf Book XXXI). Another negative effect of violence as depicted in the epic is the threat it caused to the survival and maintenance of civilization or nation. Grendel slaughtered his victims and carry off some prisoners to his abode.Book II describes his assault this way â€Å"unhallowed wight, grim and greedy, he grasped betimes, wrathful, reckless, from resting-places, thirty of the thanes, and thence he rushed fain of his fell spoil, faring homeward† (Beowulf Book II). Grendel is hard to be defeated because according to the epic no weapon can destroy him. The Dragon, on the other hand, would â€Å"burn homes with fire â€Å"(Beowulf Book XXXII). Both monsters would make their assault at night, a time when the people are supposed to be resting and therefore slightly defenseless.In the cover of darkness both fearsome creatures can carry on their sl aughter swiftly. The Dragon stood unopposed as the people could not get near him due to the flames from his mouth (Beowulf Book XXXII). In such a hopeless situation and without any intervention, the inhabitants will be eventually wiped out. Violence also breeds other violence. When Beowulf killed Grendel, Grendel’s mother was consumed with fury and tried to avenge his death. It does not matter to her if Grendel was the one at fault.In her screwed reasoning, Grendel was his son and therefore needs to be avenged. Prior to his death, Grendel’s mother was not in any way physically involved with the slaughter. However, upon his death, Grendel‘s mother became as ruthless as his son. Without any further delay, Grendel’s mother went out to the Hall hoping to kill the criminal who put his son to eternal sleep. However Beowulf was not around so that angrily she took a Danish nobleman and Grendel’s paw and carried them with her back to her home( Beowulf Book X IX ) .Upon hearing of this incident, Beowulf run after her and with a sword ended her life. In another sense we can say that the death of Grendel, Grendel’s mother and the Dragon at the hands of Beowulf was also a form of violence. However, upon careful analysis, such violence can be considered necessary to end the greater violence committed by the three aggressors. In the epic, violence only ended at the death of the three. If left alive, there is a big possibility that their violence will continue owing to their untamed evil natures.Although violence is a wicked thing to commit and should be avoided at all cost, but if present it helps to bring out the heroic trait of an individual. The hero is the man of the hour who stops and controls the spread of violence. While the enemy is described as evil and ruthless, the hero is describes a s a man possessing a good, companionate and courageous heart. Beowulf was such a man. He was a prince who possessed not only these good human traits but also endowed with great strength that equals, if not surpassed, the aggressors.Even long before he came to the aid of King Hrothgar, he had already proven his fighting prowess when he killed the sea-monsters that plied the sea he swam in on his way to help the Finns in getting rid of their enemies(Beowulf Book I).. He showed his compassionate heart when hearing of Grendel’s cruelty in Hrothgar’s kingdom; he sailed to Denmark without waiting any pleas of help from the Danish king ( Beowulf Book III). Unarmed and single-handedly he engaged Grendel in mortal combat (Beowulf Book XI).Grendel was surprised at the firm grip of Beowulf and according to him he had not yet ever encountered such a strong man in his lifetime. Beowulf managed to tear Grendel’s arm out of his shoulder. â€Å"The awful monster had lived to feel pain in his body, a huge wound in his shoulder was exposed, his sinews sprang apart, and his bone-locks broke). This wound had mortally wo unded Grendel so that he later died in his lair. The Dragon, o the other hand, was challenged by Beowulf in his den. The two struggled against each other until Beowulf killed him with the sword).Unfortunately Beowulf, old at this time, was also wounded and eventually died (Beowulf Book XXII). It is important to note that as a hero Beowulf fought against evil forces from his youth until his old age. The epic delivers a strong message that preventing and controlling violence is a never-ending struggle. When Grendel’s violence ended, another one arose in the hands of the Dragon. In the face of violence, the loyalty of an individual is exposed. During Beowulf’s fight with the Dragon, the struggle became fearful to watch so that Beowulf’s men flee in fright.Only Wiglaf remained to help his aging monarch. Even at the cost of his life, Wiglaf help Beowulf slay the fiery Dragon (Beowulf Book XXXVI). His loyalty and gallantry was later rewarded when before Beowulf died h e proclaimed Wiglaf as his successor to the throne of Geatland (Beowulf Book XXXVIII). This last gesture of Beowulf is a declaration that loyalty in the face of crisis is to be honored. It is possible that without Wiglaf, Beowulf, wounded and old as he was, would have failed to put an end to the Dragon’s life. The Dragon then will continue to terrorize the Geats.Wiglaf’s loyalty was crucial in attaining the victory of that climatic battle. Beowulf was assured that with Wiglaf the struggle against violence will be carried on long after his death. To the eyes of the Geats, Wiglaf is a source of hope for the survival and maintenance of Geatland. On the other hand, those who deserted Beowulf were reproached and reaped nothing but shame. WORKS CITED â€Å"Dragon. † Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2006. â€Å"Genesis†. The Holy Bible. Korea: Thomas Nelson, Inc. , 1984.

About the Womens Trade Union League (WTUL)

The Womens Trade Union League (WTUL), nearly forgotten in much of the mainstream, feminist, and labor history written in the mid-20th century, was a key institution in reforming womens working conditions in the early 20th century. The WTUL not only played a pivotal role in organizing the garment workers and textile workers, but in fighting for protective labor legislation for women and better factory working conditions for all. The WTUL also served as a community of support for women working within the labor movement, where they were often unwelcome and barely tolerated by the male national and local officers. The women formed friendships, often across class lines, as working-class immigrant women and wealthier, educated women worked together for both union victories and legislative reforms. Many of the twentieth centurys best-known women reformers were connected in some way with the WTUL: Jane Addams, Mary McDowell, Lillian Wald, and Eleanor Roosevelt among them. WTUL Beginnings A 1902 boycott in New York, where women, mostly housewives, boycotted kosher butchers over the price of kosher beef, caught the attention of William English Walling. Walling, a wealthy Kentucky native living at the University Settlement in New York, thought of a British organization he knew a bit about: the Womens Trade Union League. He went to England to study this organization to see how it might translate to America. This British group had been founded in 1873 by Emma Ann Patterson, a suffrage worker who was also interested in issues of labor. She had been, in her turn, inspired by stories of American womens unions, specifically the New York Parasol and Umbrella Makers Union and the Womens Typographical Union. Walling studied the group as it had evolved by 1902-03 into an effective organization that brought together middle-class and wealthy women with working-class women to fight for improved working conditions by supporting union organizing. Walling returned to America and, with Mary Kenney OSullivan, laid the groundwork for a similar American organization. In 1903, OSullivan announced the formation of the Womens National Trade Union League, at the annual convention of the American Federation of Labor. In November, the founding meeting in Boston included the citys settlement house workers and AFL representatives. A slightly larger meeting, November 19, 1903, included labor delegates, all but one of whom were men, representatives from the Womens Educational and Industrial Union, who were mostly women, and settlement house workers, mostly women. Mary Morton Kehew was elected the first president, Jane Addams the first vice-president, and Mary Kenney OSullivan the first secretary. Other members of the first executive board included Mary Freitas, a Lowell, Massachusetts, textile mill worker; Ellen Lindstrom, a Chicago union organizer; Mary McDowell, a Chicago settlement house worker and experienced union organizer; Leonora OReilly, a New York settlement house worker who was also a garment union organizer; and Lillian Wald, settlement house worker and organizer of several womens unions in New York City. Local branches were quickly established in Boston, Chicago, and New York, with support from settlement houses in those cities. From the beginning, membership was defined as including women trade unionists, who were to be the majority according to the organizations by-laws, and earnest sympathizers and workers for the cause of trade unionism, who came to be referred to as allies. The intention was that the balance of power and decision-making would always rest with the trade unionists. The organization helped women start unions in many industries and many cities, and also provided relief, publicity, and general assistance for womens unions on strike. In 1904 and 1905, the organization supported strikes in Chicago, Troy, and Fall River. From 1906-1922, the presidency was held by Margaret Dreier Robins, a well-educated reform activist, married in 1905 to Raymond Robins, head of the Northwestern University Settlement in Chicago. In 1907, the organization changed its name to the National Womens Trade Union League (WTUL). WTUL Comes of Age In 1909-1910, the WTUL took a leading role in supporting the Shirtwaist Strike, raising money for relief funds and bail, reviving an ILGWU local, organizing mass meetings and marches, and providing pickets and publicity. Helen Marot, executive secretary of the New York WTUL branch, was the chief leader and organizer of this strike for the WTUL. William English Walling, Mary Dreier, Helen Marot, Mary E. McDowell, Leonora OReilly, and Lillian D. Wald were among the founders in 1909 of the NAACP, and this new organization helped support the Shirtwaist Strike by thwarting an effort of the managers to bring in black strikebreakers. The WTUL continued to expand support of organizing campaigns, investigating working conditions, and aiding women strikers in Iowa, Massachusetts, Missouri, New York, Ohio, and Wisconsin. From 1909 on, the League also worked for the 8-hour day and for minimum wages for women through legislation. The latter of those battles was won in 14 states between 1913 and 1923; the victory was seen by the AFL as a threat to collective bargaining. In 1912, after the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire, the WTUL was active in the investigation and in promoting legislative changes to prevent future tragedies such as this one. That same year, in the Lawrence Strike by the IWW, the WTUL provided relief to strikers (soup kitchens, financial help) until the United Textile Workers pushed them out of the relief efforts, denying assistance to any strikers who refused to return to work. The WTUL/AFL relationship, always a bit uncomfortable, was further strained by this event, but the WTUL chose to continue to ally itself with the AFL. In the Chicago garment strike, the WTUL had helped to support the women strikers, working with the Chicago Federation of Labor. But the United Garment Workers suddenly called off the strike without consulting these allies, leading to the founding of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers by Sidney Hillman, and a continuing close relationship between the ACW and the League. In 1915, the Chicago Leagues started a school to train women as labor leaders and organizers. In that decade, too, the league began to work actively for woman suffrage, working with the National American Woman Suffrage Association. The League, seeing woman suffrage as a route to gain protective labor legislation benefiting women workers, founded the Wage-Earners League for Woman Suffrage, and WTUL activist, IGLWU organizer and former Triangle Shirtwaist worker Pauline Newman was especially involved in these efforts, as was Rose Schneiderman. It was during these pro-suffrage efforts in 1912, that the phrase Bread and Roses came into use to symbolize the dual goals of reform efforts: basic economic rights and security, but also dignity and hope for a good life. WTUL World War I - 1950 During World War I, the employment of women in the U.S. increased to nearly ten million. The WTUL worked with the Women in Industry Division of the Department of Labor to improve working conditions for women, in order to promote more female employment. After the war, returning vets displaced women in many of the jobs theyd filled. AFL unions often moved to exclude women from the workplace and from unions, another strain in the AFL/WTUL alliance. In the 1920s, the League began summer schools to train organizers and women workers at Bryn Mawr College, Barnard College, and Vineyard Shore. Fannia Cohn, involved in the WTUL since she took a labor education class with the organization in 1914, became Director of the ILGWU Educational Department, beginning decades of service to working womens needs and decades of struggling within the union for understanding and support of womens needs. Rose Schneiderman became president of the WTUL in 1926, and served in that role until 1950. During the Depression, the AFL emphasized employment for men. Twenty-four states enacted legislation to prevent married women from working in public service, and in 1932, the federal government required one spouse to resign if both worked for the government. Private industry was no better: for instance, in 1931, New England Telephone and Telegraph and Northern Pacific laid off all women workers. When Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected president, the new first lady, Eleanor Roosevelt, a long-time WTUL member and fund-raiser, used her friendship and connections with the WTUL leaders to bring many of them into active support of New Deal Programs. Rose Schneiderman became a friend and frequent associate of the Roosevelts, and helped advise on major legislation like Social Security and the Fair Labor Standards Act. The WTUL continued its uneasy association mainly with the AFL, ignored the new industrial unions in the CIO, and focused more on legislation and investigation in its later years. The organization dissolved in 1950. Text  Ã‚ © Jone Johnson Lewis WTUL - Research Resources Sources consulted for this series include: Bernikow, Louise. The American Womens Almanac: An Inspiring and Irreverent Womens History. 1997. ( compare prices) Cullen-Dupont, Kathryn. The Encyclopedia of Womens History in America. 1996. 1996. (compare prices) Eisner, Benita, editor. The Lowell Offering: Writings by New England Mill Women (1840-1845). 1997. ( compare prices ) Flexner, Eleanor. Century of Struggle: the Womens Rights Movement in the United States. 1959, 1976. ( compare prices) Foner, Philip S. Women and the American Labor Movement: From Colonial Times to the Eve of World War I. 1979. ( compare prices) Orleck, Annelise. Common Sense and a Little Fire: Women and Working-Class Politics in the United States, 1900-1965. 1995. ( compare prices) Schneider, Dorothy and Carl J. Schneider. The ABC-CLIO Companion to Women in the Workplace. 1993. ( compare prices)